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Working Paper
Inequality, urbanization, and the Kuznets processWe provide annual estimates of inequality in monthly per capita household earnings in India over the period 2017/18 to 2022/23 based on analysis of India’s Periodic Labour Force Surveys. Over the six years, the estimate of inequality as measured by...
Journal Article
Encouraging micro-enterprises to prepare for disastersWorldwide, enterprises are affected by disasters such as cyclones and floods. Despite these negative impacts, many do not prepare for future disasters. Research on pro-environmental behavior suggests that changing the factors influencing people’s...
Journal Article
Who benefits from job training programs? Evidence from a high-dosage program in BrazilUsing admission lotteries and registry data linking labor market outcomes, we study the short- and medium-term effects of a vocational training program focused on disadvantaged individuals in Brazil. The intensive program is an 18-month classroom...
Technical Note
The Uganda Revenue Authority corporate income tax panelThis technical note describes the Uganda Revenue Authority (URA) corporate income tax panel constructed from corporate income tax (CIT) returns and firm registration data for the financial years 2013/14 to 2022/23. The panel dataset contains over 300...
Report
Agricultural development in MozambiqueThis report examines the trends, challenges, and opportunities in Mozambique’s agricultural sector from 2002 to 2020, with a particular emphasis on smallholder farming. It is based on a novel dataset produced under the Inclusive growth in Mozambique...
Report
Intergenerational Social Mobility in MozambiqueThis report is the result of an analysis of intergenerational social mobility in Mozambique using data collected from six administrative posts across four provinces (Maputo, Zambézia, Sofala, and Nampula) under the Vulnerable Lives Survey (VLS).This...
Book
Financing for DevelopmentThe reform of the international financial and tax systems has been at the center of global debates in recent years—in the United Nations, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the OECD and the G20. The fourth United Nations Conference on...
Journal Article
The effect of citizens’ perception of governance on tax complianceRaising domestic revenue still represents a priority for most Sub-Saharan African countries that continue to face high tax non-compliance. This research investigates whether there is a link between citizens’ perceptions of governance and individual...
Blog
Do minimum wages reduce inequality in India?Wage inequality in India has declined over the past two decades. This article examines the role of rising minimum wages in driving this trend...
Blog
The Beijing Declaration 30 years later – where do we stand?
The 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action set ambitious goals for equality, development, and peace for women worldwide. Endorsed by 189...
Book
Fragile AidESTIMATED FOR OPEN ACCESS ONLINE PUBLICATION ON 3 APRIL 2025 | An important question for the future of aid concerns its role in weak states and conflict contexts. While considerable research points to a mixed record of effectiveness in these contexts...
Working Paper
Minimum wages, de facto private standards, and trade diversion in horticultureThe effects of minimum wages on workers and firms depend on enforcement and compliance. While most research examines local determinants, this paper explores whether international market enforcement influences minimum wage impacts. In South Africa...
Working Paper
Social protection for Mozambique's elderlyThis study assesses the effectiveness of Mozambique's flagship social pension programme, the elderly component of the Programa de Subsídio Social Básico (PSSB). Focusing on three key criteria—programme targeting, reliability, and materiality—we...
Blog
South Africa’s electricity crisis – governance, challenges, and reform lessonsSouth Africa’s energy sector is undergoing a transformation. The suspension of load shedding—planned, rolling power outages to prevent grid collapse —...
Working Paper
Kuznets in the twenty-first centuryBuilding upon a multisectoral framework in light of the Kuznetsian paradigm, this paper analyses the relationship between structural transformation and income inequality. Empirical evidence is drawn using a large census dataset consisting of more...
Working Paper
Is inequality always unfair?Knowledge of the factors driving people’s views on redistribution in the Global South remains limited. While these societies occupy top positions in inequality rankings, redistribution levels tend to be lower. We combine survey and experimental data...
Blog
Walking the road to the Fourth Financing for Development Conference and beyondLast week, we attended the 2025 UNDP Dialogue on Public Finance and SDGs, where we explored the most pressing topics regarding public financing for...
Working Paper
Inequality and agricultural structural changeSince 1950, agricultural productivity has been increasing even as labourers leave agriculture. However, while average productivity of the sector has been converging, within-sector inequality has been increasing. Agricultural income inequality is...
Blog
Agricultural development in Mozambique – seizing opportunities using a novel datasetAgriculture has long been the backbone of Mozambique’s economy. Over 70% of the population relies on this sector for their livelihoods, contributing...